ACTN3
Alpha-Actinin-3
Fast-twitch muscle fiber protein. R577X sprint gene.
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Every gene and SNP analyzed in your FuelYourDNA report, organized by health category. Click any gene to learn how your unique variants shape your nutrition needs.
Fast-twitch muscle fiber protein. R577X sprint gene.
Energy metabolism during exercise.
Red blood cell production for oxygen capacity.
Response to low oxygen. Altitude adaptation.
Lactate transport during exercise.
Muscle growth inhibitor. Less equals more muscle.
Converts pyridoxal phosphate to pyridoxal for cellular uptake.
Essential partner of cubilin for B12 absorption.
Metabolizes pyridoxal to 4-pyridoxic acid.
Enzyme that converts beta-carotene to vitamin A
Secondary pathway for carotenoid cleavage.
Receptor for intrinsic factor-B12 complex in ileum.
Inactivates vitamin D metabolites. Regulates vitamin D levels.
Kidney enzyme converting 25OHD to active 1,25OH2D.
Enzyme that activates vitamin D in the liver
Metabolizes vitamin E and vitamin K.
Provides precursor for vitamin D synthesis in skin.
Reduces dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. Crucial for folate cycle.
Intestinal enzyme for dietary folate absorption.
Secretor status gene. Affects B12 absorption through gut microbiome.
Main carrier protein for vitamin D in blood
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of clotting factors.
Intrinsic factor production for B12 absorption.
Esterifies retinol for storage in liver.
Intracellular processing of B12.
Key enzyme in folate metabolism affecting methylation and homocysteine levels
Regenerates methionine from homocysteine using vitamin B12 as cofactor.
Maintains MTR enzyme in its active state. Essential for B12-dependent reactions.
Associated with vitamin D levels.
Phosphorylates vitamin B6 vitamers to active forms.
Converts pyridoxine/pyridoxamine to active pyridoxal-5-phosphate.
Major transport protein for retinol in blood.
Reduced folate carrier for cellular folate uptake.
SVCT1 - intestinal vitamin C transporter.
SVCT2 - vitamin C transporter in various tissues.
Cellular receptor for retinol uptake from RBP4.
Haptocorrin - binds B12 in saliva and stomach.
Main transport protein for B12 delivery to tissues.
Liver protein regulating alpha-tocopherol blood levels.
Essential for DNA synthesis. Target of folate-related metabolism.
Nuclear receptor that mediates vitamin D effects on calcium absorption and bone health
Recycles vitamin K for clotting factor activation.
Intestinal copper absorption and transport.
ATP7B encodes a copper-transporting ATPase that moves excess copper out of liver cells and into bile for excretion. Loss...
Magnesium transport in kidney.
Copper transport protein and ferroxidase.
Selenium-dependent thyroid hormone activation.
Converts T4 to active T3 in tissues.
Iron storage with ferroxidase activity.
Iron storage protein component.
Master regulator of iron absorption.
Major regulator of iron absorption. Mutations cause hemochromatosis.
Zinc binding and homeostasis protein.
Major metallothionein for zinc homeostasis.
Major selenium transport protein in blood.
Intestinal iron absorption transporter.
Zinc transporter in pancreatic beta cells.
Major intestinal zinc absorption transporter.
Exports iron from cells to blood.
Active iodide transport into thyroid.
Main iron transport protein in blood.
Iron uptake in liver. Regulates hepcidin.
Precursor for thyroid hormone synthesis.
Regulates hepcidin. Matriptase-2.
Thyroid hormone synthesis enzyme.
Primary intestinal magnesium absorption channel.
Ubiquitous magnesium channel.
Epithelial calcium channel for absorption.
Intestinal calcium absorption channel.
Fructose metabolism enzyme. Hereditary fructose intolerance.
Immune regulation gene linked to celiac disease.
Celiac disease risk
Celiac disease risk
HLA-DQ2 DQ8 component for celiac disease risk.
HLA-DQ2 DQ8 component for celiac disease risk.
Enzyme that digests lactose (milk sugar)
Regulates lactase gene expression in adults
Cilantro taste
Fructose transporter in intestine.
Oxidizes sulfite to sulfate. Essential detoxification.
Bitter taste perception
Sulfonylurea receptor. Insulin secretion.
Salivary amylase. Starch digestion. Copy number varies.
HDL component
Triglyceride metabolism
Elongates fatty acids in omega-3 synthesis.
Elongation step in PUFA metabolism.
Enzyme involved in omega fatty acid metabolism
Enzyme involved in omega fatty acid metabolism
Glucose sensor in pancreas and liver. MODY2.
Transcription factor for insulin secretion. MODY3.
Glucose metabolism regulator. MODY1.
Insulin signaling cascade.
Insulin signaling in liver and beta cells.
Pancreatic beta cell potassium channel.
HDL metabolism
PNPLA3 encodes a lipase enzyme that breaks down triglycerides stored in liver cells. Certain variants impair this proces...
Fat oxidation during exercise.
Master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Endurance training adaptation. Mitochondrial biogenesis.
Glucose transporter in liver and pancreas.
Insulin-responsive glucose transporter.
Gene strongly associated with type 2 diabetes risk
P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Drug transport.
Metabolizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Estrogen metabolism. Affects detox capacity.
Drug metabolism. Proton pump inhibitors.
Major drug metabolizing enzyme. Warfarin metabolism.
Metabolizes 25 percent of all drugs. Highly polymorphic.
Metabolizes 50 percent of all drugs. Major CYP enzyme.
Additional drug metabolism pathway.
Detoxification enzyme important for antioxidant defense
Lung and brain detoxification.
Detoxification enzyme important for toxin elimination
Acetylation of drugs and carcinogens.
Major drug acetylation enzyme. Slow Fast acetylators.
Quinone detoxification. Vitamin K metabolism.
Sulfation of phenols and estrogens.
Bilirubin conjugation. Gilbert syndrome.
Leukotriene synthesis. Inflammation pathway.
Inflammatory marker. Cardiovascular risk.
Th1 cytokine. Immune activation.
Anti-inflammatory cytokine.
Major pro-inflammatory cytokine.
Th2 cytokine. Allergies and atopy.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune response
Master inflammatory transcription factor.
Key inflammatory cytokine
Converts hydrogen peroxide to water.
Selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme.
Lipid-specific selenoprotein antioxidant.
Cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme.
Primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme
First step of alcohol metabolism - converts ethanol to acetaldehyde.
Additional alcohol dehydrogenase isoform.
Stomach alcohol metabolism.
Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde from alcohol
Alternative alcohol metabolism pathway.
Insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism hormone.
Receptor involved in bronchodilation and fat metabolism
Brown fat thermogenesis receptor.
Gene strongly associated with obesity risk and appetite regulation
Hunger hormone.
Satiety hormone from fat tissue.
Hypothalamic leptin signaling.
Central appetite regulation. Satiety signaling.
Potent appetite stimulant.
Precursor for satiety signals alpha-MSH.
Master regulator of fat storage and insulin sensitivity
Strongly associated with BMI.
Brown fat thermogenesis protein.
Energy expenditure regulation.
Muscle energy expenditure.
Reverse cholesterol transport. HDL formation.
Enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation
I D polymorphism affects endurance vs power.
Salt-sensitive blood pressure gene.
Precursor in blood pressure regulation.
Inhibits LPL. Regulates triglycerides.
Inhibits LPL in fasting state.
Main protein of HDL. Cardioprotective.
Main protein of LDL. Familial hypercholesterolemia gene.
Inhibits lipoprotein lipase. Affects triglycerides.
Major apoprotein involved in lipid transport and cardiovascular health
Transfers cholesterol between lipoproteins.
Rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Statin target.
Clears LDL from blood. Familial hypercholesterolemia.
Breaks down triglycerides in lipoproteins.
Produces NO for vasodilation.
Vasodilation and blood flow during exercise.
Intestinal cholesterol absorption. Ezetimibe target.
Degrades LDL receptors. Drug target for cholesterol lowering.
Antioxidant enzyme
Angiogenesis for endurance adaptation.
Uses betaine to remethylate homocysteine.
Homocysteine metabolism and sulfur amino acid processing.
Oxidizes choline to betaine aldehyde.
Endogenous choline synthesis. Higher needs in women.
Interconverts serine and glycine with THF. Key for one-carbon metabolism.
Supports neuron survival and growth. Val66Met affects memory.
Enzyme that breaks down catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine)
Dopamine reuptake. ADHD medication target.
Major dopamine receptor. Affects reward sensitivity.
Linked to novelty seeking and ADHD.
GABA receptor affecting anxiety and alcohol response.
Synthesizes GABA from glutamate.
Major serotonin receptor. Affects mood and appetite.
Degrades serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. The 'warrior gene'.
Primarily degrades dopamine and phenylethylamine.
Serotonin reuptake. SSRI target. Short Long alleles.
Rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis.
Peripheral serotonin synthesis.
Brain serotonin synthesis.
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